OCP(Oral contraceptive pill)
Defination:Drugs
or derives which are used to avoid unwanted contraception are called
contraceptives.
Characteristics
of ideal contraceptives:
1) Highly
effective.
2) Safe.
3) Effect
should be quick in onset.
4) Available.
5) Acceptable.
6) Inexpensive.
7) Comletely
& totaly,quickly reversible.
Composition
of oral contraceptive pill:
[A]OCP:
1) Synthetic
oestrogen→Ethenyl estradiol or Mestranol(It is a prodrug.It is converted to EE
in the liver.It may produce hepatoma)
2) Progesterone→Levonogestril,Desogestril
[B]POP:Progesteron
only pill(Minipill)
Adverse
effects of oral contraceptive pills:
[A]Major:
|
1.Cardiovascular
effects
|
OCP causes increased risk of
a)
Thromboembolism.
b)
Coronary artery
disease.
c)
Atherosclerosis.
d)
HTN.
|
|
2.Metabolic effects
|
↓HDL.
↑Cholesterol
↑LDL
|
|
3.Hepatic effects
|
Ca of liver.Chloestatic jandice.
|
|
4.Psychological effects
|
Depression-due to lack of vit
|
|
5.Supress lactation
|
|
|
6.Neoplasia
|
Fibro-adenoma of breast
Fibroid uterus
|
[B]Minor:
1) Nausea,Vomiting.
2) Headache.
3) Leg
crump.
4) Wt
gain.
5) Break
through.
6) Hypomenorrhoea.
7) Amenorrhoea.
8) Menorrhagea.
Contraindications
of OCP:
|
Absolute
|
Relative
|
Special prcaution
|
|
1.History of CVS disease.
2.Liver disease(ch Hepatitis)
3.Breast cancer
|
1.HTN.
2.Obesity.
3.Migraine.
4.Endogenous smoking.
5.Heavy smoking.
|
1.DM.
2.Collagen disease.
3.Osteosclerosis.
4.Sever varicose Veins.
5.Sickle cell disease.
6.Surgical operation.
7.History of depression.
8.Age over 35 years.
|
Advantages
of OCP:
1) Disease
risk of:
·
Benign breast disease.
·
Fibroadenoma of breast.
·
Endometriosis.
·
PID.
·
Iron deficiency
anaemia.
2) ↓risk
of ectopic pregnancy.
3) Prevention
of dysmenorrhoea.
4) Relief
of premenstrual tension.
Theraputic
indication of oral pill:
1) Menstrual
irregularity (3month)
2) Endometriosis-most
effective treatment is pregnancy.
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