10 Metre Walk Test

10 Metre Walk Test


The 10 Metre Walk Test is a performance measure used to assess walking speed in metres per second over a short distance. It can be employed to determine functional mobility, gait and vestibular function.
Intended Population
Preschool children (2-5 years), children (6-12 years), adolescents (13-17 years), adults (18-64 years), alderly adults (65+) with a range of diagnoses including: 
  • Acquired Brain Injury
  • Geriatrics
  • Hip Fracture
  • Lower Limb Amputation
  • Movement Disorders
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Parkinson’s Disease
  • Spinal Cord Injury
  • Stroke
  • Traumatic Brain Injury
Method of Use
Equipment Required
  • Stopwatch
  • A clear pathway with set distance (6, 8, 10 metres in length depending on distance tested)
Set Up
Measure and mark a 10-metre walkway
  • Add a mark at 2-metres
  • Add a mark at 8-metres
Instructions
  • The individual walks without assistance for 10 metres, with the time measured for the intermediate 6 metres to allow for acceleration and deceleration
  • Assistive devices may be used, but must be kept consistent and documented for each test
  • Start timing when the toes pass the 2 metre mark
  • Stop timing when the toes pass the 8 metre mark
  • Can be tested at either preferred walking speed or maximum walking speed (ensure to document which was tested)
  • Perform three trials and calculate the average of three trials
Patient Instructions
  • Normal comfortable speed: “I will say ready, set, go. When I say go, walk at your normal comfortable speed until I say stop”
  • Maximum speed trials: “I will say ready, set, go. When I say go, walk as fast as you safely can until I say stop”
The 10 metre walk test has demonstrated excellent reliability in many conditions including health adults, children with neuromuscular disease, Parkinsons, hip fracture, SCI, Strike and TBI: 
Test-Retest Reliability
Children with Neuromuscular Disease:
(n = 29; mean age = 11.5 (3.5) years (6-16), Children with Neuromuscular Disease)
  • Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.91)
Healthy Adults:
  • Excellent test-retest reliability for comfortable gait speed (r = 0.75 - 0.90) 
  • Excellent test-retest reliability for comfortable and fastest gait speeds (ICC = 0.93 - 0.91)
Hip Fracture:
  • Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.823 with 95% CI = 0.565 to 0.934) 
Parkinson ’s disease or Parkinsonism:
  • Excellent test-retest reliability for comfortable gait speed (ICC = 0.96)
  • Excellent test-retest reliability for maximum gait speed (ICC = 0.97)
SCI:
  • Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.97)
  • Excellent test-retest reliability (r = 0.983)
Stroke:
(n = 25; mean age = 72 years; stroke onset = 2 to 6 years, Chronic Stroke)
Test-retest assessed three times within a single session:
  • Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.95 to 0.99)
  • Excellent reliability for comfortable (ICC = 0.94) and fast (ICC = 0.97) gait speeds 
TBI:
  • Excellent between day reliability at comfortable (ICC = 0.95) and fast speeds (ICC = 0.96)
  •  Excellent test-retest reliability (r = 0.97 - 0.99)
Interrater/Intrarater Reliability
Healthy Adults:
(n = 28 healthy adults; mean age = 56.43 (13.82) years; Healthy Adults)
  • Excellent interrater reliability; (ICC = 0.980) 
SCI:
  • Excellent intrarater reliability (r = 0.983, p < 0.001)
  • Excellent interrater reliability (r = 0.974, p < 0.001)
  • Bland-Altman plots indicate reliability Excellent when completed in under 40 seconds, but reliability decreases with marginal walkers requiring > 40 seconds to complete 
(Scivoletto et al, 2011; n = 37; median age = 58.5 (range 19 - 77) years; median time from onset = 24 (range 6 - 109) months; AIS D = 35, C = 2; Median WISCI = 16, utilized 2 methods, measured 10 m with a static start and measured middle 10 m of 14 m walkway to include acceleration and deceleration, Chronic SCI)
For both methods:
  • Excellent interrater reliability (ICC > 0.95)
  • Excellent intrarater reliability (ICC > 0.98) 
Stroke:
  • Excellent intrarater reliability; ICC = 0.87 to 0.88 
(Wolf et al, 1999; n = 28 with history of stroke; mean age = 56.04 (12.80) years; mean time since lesion = 13.59 (12.30) months, Chronic Stroke)
  • Excellent interrater reliability; (ICC = 0.998) 
TBI:
(Tyson & Connell, 2009; review of seventeen measures; n = 12 mobile TBI patients, TBI)
  • Excellent interrater reliability (ICC = 0.99) 
Validity
Multiple Sclerosis:
(Paltamaa et al, 2007; n = 120; mean age = 45.0 (10.8) years; mean duration since symptom onset 12.3 (8.8) years, MS)
Predictive Validity 
  • Excellent correlation with dependence in self-care (r = 0.60 - 0.87) at comfortable speed
  • Adequate to Excellent correlation with dependence in mobility (r = 0.34 - 0.74) at comfortable speed
  • Adequate to excellent correlation with dependence in domestic life (r = 0.34 - 0.81) at comfortable speed
Stroke:
(Tyson & Connell, 2009; n = 40, review article of 17 measures, Stroke)
Predictive Validity 
  • Excellent correlation with dependence in instrumental activities of daily living (r = 0.76)
  • Excellent correlation with Barthel Index (r = 0.78
Healthy Adults:
  • Poor correlation with BBT (r = 0.052)
  • Adequate correlation with FRT (r = 0.307) 
Hip Fracture:
  • Excellent correlation with 6MWT (correlation coefficient = 0.82)
  • Adequate correlation with LE strength (r = 0.51)
  • Adequate correlation with LE power (r = 0.58)
  • Poor correlation with hip pain (r = -0.23)
  • Poor correlation with bodily pain (r = 0.30)
  • Poor correlation with vitality (r = 0.26)
  • Adequate correlation with physical role (r = 0.54)
  • Adequate correlation with social role (r = 0.42) 
SCI:
Convergent Validity:
  • Excellent correlation between the TUG and 10MWT (r = 0.89, n = 70)
  • Excellent correlation between 10MWT and 6MWT (ρ = -0.95, n = 62)
  • Subgroup comparisons of WISCI II and 10MWT
  • Excellent correlation between WISCI II and 10MWT when testing individuals with WISCI II scores 11 - 20 (p = -0.68, n = 47)
  • Poor correlation between the WISCI II and 10MWT when testing individuals with WISCI II scores 0 - 10 (r = -0.24, n = 20)
  • Adequate but not significant correlation between WISCI II (0-8,10,11,14,17), dependent walkers (r = -0.35, n = 15)
  • Adequate correlation between WISCI II (9,12,13,15,16,18-20) independent walkers (r = -0.48, n = 43)
  • Overall, improved validity in individuals who are less impaired, higher walking ability, and do not require assistance 
Stroke:
  • Excellent correlation between comfortable gait speed and TUG (ICC = -0.84), FGS (ICC = 0.92), Stair climbing ascend (SCas) (ICC = -0.81), Stair climbing descend (SCde) (ICC = -0.82), 6MWT (ICC = 0.89)
  • Excellent correlation between fast gait speed and TUG (ICC = -0.91), CGS (ICC = 0.88), SCas (ICC = -0.84), SCde (ICC = -0.87) and 6MWT (ICC = 0.95) 
Responsiveness
Geriatrics:
  • Small meaningful change = 0.05 m/s
  • Substantial meaningful change = 0.10 m/s 
SCI:
  • Smallest real difference = 0.13 m/s
  • Mean change between 1 and 3 months post injury, effect size = 0.92
  • Mean change between 3 and 6 months post injury, effect size = 0.47 
Stroke:
  • Small meaningful change = 0.05 m/s
  • Substantial meaningful change = 0.10 m/s 

 Reference link:
  • http://www.physio-pedia.com/10_Metre_Walk_Test

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