GONIOMETRY
The
term goniometry is derived from two greek words, gonio, meaning angle, and
metron, meaning measure. Therefore, goniometry refers to the measurement of
angles, in particular the measurement of angles created by human joints.
Types
of goniometry
1.
Universal goniometry: These are most
commonly used instrument. The body of a universal goniometer resembles a
protractor and may from full or half circle. Measurement scales are located on
the body (0-180 or 0-360). It consists of two arms stationary or fixed arm and
movable arm. Stationary can not be moved. Movable arm is attached to the
fulcrum which is the center of the body and it can be moved. It contain a black
line extend the length of the arm for measuring the angle.
2.
Gravity dependent goniometers: These are
sometimes called inclinometers.
They
use gravity’s effect on pointers and fluid levels to measure joint position and
motion.
3.
Electro goniometers: These are used primarily
in research to obtain dynamic joint measurements. It is similar to that of
universal goniometer.
4.
Visual estimation: Although some examiners
make visual estimates of joint position and motion but it is not a recommended
position.
5.
Pendulum goniometer: It consists of a 360
degree protractor with a weighted pointer hanging from the center of the
protractor.
6.
Fluid goniometer: It has fluid filled
circular chamber containing an air bubble.
It is similar to a carpenter’s level, but being circular, has a
360 degree scale.
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