Definition (Prosthetics): The branch of medicine or surgery that deals with
the production and application of artificial body parts.
Definition (Orthotics): The science that deals with the use of specialized
mechanical devices to support or supplement weakened or abnormal joints or
limbs.
Definition
(Prosthesis): It is an artificial device that
replaces a missing body part. Prostheses are typically used to replace parts
lost by injury or missing from birth (congenital) or to supplement defective
body parts.
Definition
(Orthosis): It is a device applied to the body to
control or enhance movement or to prevent movement or deformity.
Functional
classification:
Ø Supportive:
It stabilizes the joints and supports the bosy in its anatomical position. e.g.
calipers, gaiters.
Ø Functional:
It stabilizes the joint and also makes up for a lost function, e.g. foot drop
splint in common peroneal nerve palsy or dynamic cock-up splints in wrist drop.
Ø Corrective to correct deformities,
e.g. club foot boot in congenital talipes equino varus.
Ø Protective:
To protect a part of the body during its healing. E.g. rigid four post collar
for fracture cervical vertebrae.
Ø Prevent
substitution of function: In a full length caliper, substitution of hip
flexors by abductors or adductors of hip and other similar trick movements are
prevented.
Ø Orthoses:
Which strength certain groups of muscles. E.g. Tenodesis splint.
Ø Relief of pain,
e.g. Lumbrosacral corset supports the lower back, preventing painful movement.
Ø Prevent
weight bearing: A weight relieving orthosis, prescribed for conditions like
fracture calcaneum will take weight away from the injured sites into proximal
site like the patellar tendon bearing area.
Regional
classification: They are classified according to the anatomical
area fitted with the orthosis:
1. Cervical
orthosis.
2. Head
cervical orthosis (HCO)
3. Head
cervical-Thoracic orthosis (HCTO)
4. Sacral
orthosis.
5. Lumbo-sacral
orthosis (LSO)
6. Thoraco
lumbo sacral orthosis (TLSO)
7. Upper
Extremity orthosis:
Ø Shoulder
and Arm orthosis.
Ø Elbow
orthosis.
Ø Wrist
orthosis.
Ø Hand
orthosis.
8. Lower
extremity orthosis:
Ø Foot
orthosis (FO).
Ø Ankle
foot orthosis (AFO)
Ø Knee
Ankle Foot orthoses (KAFO)
Ø Hip-Knee-Ankle-Foot
orthoses (HKAFO)
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