Chloroquine
Name
the anti-malarial drugs:choloroquine
Mechanism
of actions: The drug concentrates in
parasitized RBC,25 times more than normal RBC.
1.Chloroquine
acts by blocking the enzymatic synthesis of DNA & RNA in both mammalian
& protozoal cells.
2.The drug forms
a complex with DNA that prevents replication or transcription to RNA.
3.It interferes
with the parasite’s ability to metabolize & utilize erythrocyte Hb.
4.The drug
interferes with phospholipid metabolism with phospholipid metabolism with in
the parasites.
Indications:
1.Acute
malaria:caused by:P.Vivax,P.Ovale,P.malariae,P.falciparum.
2.Chemoprophylaxis
of malaria.
3.Autoimmuno
diseases:Rheumatoid arthritis,SLE.
4.Amoebic liver abscess(500mg
14-21 days)
5.Giardiasis.
Contraindications:
1.Pt with
retinal or visual field abnormalities.
2.Pt with skin
disease.
Adverse
effects:
1.Retinal toxicity:Due to deposition of drug in the
retina(hyper-pigmentation of retina)
·
Photophobia.
·
Decrease in visual
activity.
·
Defective color vision.
·
Central scotomas.
·
Blindness.
2.Puritus(may be intolerable)
3.Headache.
4.Confusion,psychosis.
5.Overdose-hypotension,cardio-pulmonary arrest.
6.Hemolylie anaemia(due to G-6 PD deficiency)
7.GIT symptoms.
8.Anorexia,malaise,Urtcaria.
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