Biguanides/Metformin



It’s main use is in obese pt with NIDDM either alone or in combination with a sulfonylureas.Metformin has an anorexic effect which helps to reduce wt in the obese. Less used now a days .They causes sever lactic acidosis in pt with renal disease, hepatic disease,cardiopulmonary dysfunction,alcoholism.They also cause diarrhoea with vit  deficiency.

Mechanism of action:

[A]The activity of biguanide is not dependent on the presence of functioning pancreatic β cells for their hypoglycemia action.
[B]They are appropriately termed ‘englycemic agents’.Because they cause hypoglycemia in hyperglycemia condition.The effect on normal blood glucose level is more or less zero.
They act by:
1)      Direct stimulation of glycolysis in tissue which increase glucose removal from blood.
2)      Slowing of glucose absorption from gut.
3)      Increasing insulin binding to insulin receptor.
4)      ↓ Plasma glucogon level.

Indications of biguanides/Metformin:

1)      Type II.
2)      Obese patient.
3)      When Sulfonylurease fail.

Adverse effects Biguanide/Metformin:

·         Anorexia.
·         Nausea,vomting.
·         Diarrhoea.
·         Abdominal pain.
·         Lactic acidosis.
·         Erythema.
·         Hepatitis.
·         Pruritus and urticaria.
·         Derease Vitamin-B12 absorption.

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