Definition
(Splinting): Application
of a splint, or treatment by use of a splint.
Or,
Splinting
is the technique to secure the part of the body that is injured to decrease
further damage or injury to that part of the body and to make the individual
more comfortable until treatment can be initiated.
Types
of splints:
There are two types
1) Static splints.
2) Dynamic splints.
Static
splints:
Static splints have
no moving parts, prevent motion and are used to rest or rigidly support the
splinted part.
Example:
[A]
Upper limb:
1) Anti-swan neck splint.
2) Anti-Boutonniere splint.
3) Opponens splint.
4) Safe position splint.
5) Wrist cock-up splint.
6) Functional position splint.
[B]
Lower limb:
1) Thomas splint.
2) Posterior knee splint.
3) Plaster of paris cast.
Functions
of static splint:
1) It provides protective
immobilization to the joint.
2) It aids in the resolution of
inflammation, hastening the process of repair.
3) It maintains joints in correct
alignment preventing tightness, contractures and deformity.
4) It provides stability and support
to the lax joints.
5) It maintains the correct or
improved ROM gained by therapeutic measures.
6) It can provide stability to a
proximal joint to a proximal joint to facilitate the action of the distal
joint.
7) It corrects the deformity by
graduated progressive stretching.
Dynamic
splint:
Dynamic splint have
moving parts to permit, control or restore movement.
Example:
[A]
Upper limb:
1) Dynamic wrist flexion extension
splint.
2) Metacarpophalangeal joint
flexion-extension splint.
3) Proximal interphalangeal joint
flexion-extension splint.
4) “Finger trapper” or “Buddy system
splint”
5) Dynamic thumb splint.
[B]
Lower limb:
1) HKAFO (Hip, knee, ankle, foot
orthosis).
2) KAFO.
3) AFO.
4) Toe pick-up orthosis.
Functions of a dynamic splint:
1) The most important function of a
dynamic splint is to provide the necessary constant low stretch to facilitate
correct remodeling of the scar tissue. The calculated stretch is applied by
sling and rubber band.
2) It can provide controlled
resistance to tendons providing easy gliding, preventing adhesions and stimulating circulation there by
assist in reducing edema.
3) It provides mobility to the stiff
joints by controlled sustained low load stretching. Constant stretch lengthens
the shortened musculo-tendinous units and the tight articular structures as
well.
4) It provides re-education to the
weak or paralyzed muscles with synchronization of active efforts.
5) It protects over stretching of
the weak muscles by the strong pull of normal opposing muscle groups.
Maintenance
of the splint:
2) Elastic and or velero strapping
may be scrubbed with mild soap, water and a small brush.
3) If the splint still has an odor
after cleaning, try wiping it with a little toothpaste. It relining of the
padding is necessary consult with the occupational therapist.
4) All thermoplastic materials can
be damaged by heat. Do not allow splint to lie in sunlight, hot cars or on or
near heaters.
5) Instruct people on how to store
the splints in a safe place. Be sure not to allow heavy objects to rest on top
of them.
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