The word
pharmacology is derived from Greek words Pharmakon which means drugs and logos
which means a study.
Pharmacology can
be defined as a branch of science that includes
history,source, Physicochemical properties,dosage forms,methods of
administration, absorption, distribution mechanism of action, Pharmacological
effects,biotransformation,excertion,clinical uses and adverse effects of drug. (Ref-Misbahuddin-5th,P-1)
or
Pharmacology
can be defined as the study of the effects of drugs on the function of living
systems.
(Ref-Rang & Dale’s-6th,P-3)
Medical
pharmacology:Medical pharmacology
is defined as the science of substances used to prevent,diagnose and treat
diseases.
(Ref-Katzung-11th,P-01)
Therapeutics:
It
is a branch of pharmacology which deals with the use of drugs in human body to
detect,protect,control and cure of the diseases. (Ref:Katzung-11th,P-01)
Clinical
pharmacology:
It is a
branch of pharmacology which deals with the scientific study of drugs in the patients & also in the healthy
persons for the safe & effective use of drugs(therapy).
Parts
of clinical pharmacology:Two parts:
1)
Pharmacodynamics:This
the branch of pharmacology which deals with the biochemical and physiological
effect of drugs and their mechanism of action.
(Ref-Goodman
& gilman-11th,P-221)
2)
Pharmacokinetics:The
word pharmacokinetic is derived from Greek words Pharmakon means drug &
kinein means move.It is a branch of pharmacology which deals with the
·
Absorption.
·
Distribution.
·
Metabolism/Bio-transformation
&
·
Excertion of
drugs.
(Ref-Misbahuddin-5th,P-3)
Simply
pharmacokinetics means’What the body does to the drug?’
Pharmacokinetics→What
body does to drug.
Pharmacodynamics→What
drug does to body.
Effects of drugs-
*Beneficial
effect(Theraputics)
*Adverse effect(Toxicology)
Branches of pharmacolgy:
a)
Pharmacognosy: It is a branch of pharmacology which deals
with
·
Source.
·
Identification.
·
Isolation.
·
Purification
&
·
Standarization of
drogs.
b)
Pharmacy:It is a branch of
pharmacology which deals with
·
Preparation.
·
Quality control &
·
Dispension of drugs.
c)
Pharmacotheraputics: It is a branch of pharmacology which deals
with the application of drugs & treatment of disease.
d)
Toxicology:It is a branch of pharmacology which deals
with the undersirable effects(adverse effects) of drug on living systems,from
individual cells to complex ecosystems.
e)
Pharmacogenetics: It is a branch of pharmacology which deals
with the genetically altered drug response.
f)
Chemotherapy:It is a branch of pharmacology which deals
with the effects of drugs upon micro-organism,parasites & cancer cells.
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