community based rehabilitation
Defining the concept of CBR:
In
the evolution of CBR a number of attempts have been made to define CBR in a way
that encompasses its core elements or characteristics. The following in a
selection of some of the definition:
v Community based rehabilitation is a
strategy
within community development for the rehabilitation, equalization of
opportunities and social integration of all people with disabilities. CBR is
implemented through the combined efforts of disable people themselves, their
families and communities and the appropriate health education, vocational and
social services (ILO, UNESCO, WHO 1994).
v Community based rehabilitation is a
strategy
for enhancing the quality of life of disabled people of improving service
delivery, by providing more equitable opportunities and by promoting and
protecting their human rights (Helander 1995a).
v Community
based rehabilitation is a comprehensive and holistic approach in the field
of rehabilitation building on local resources and enabling social integration
of people with disabilities into the mainstream. The long-term significance of
CBE based on social change and total community development, rather than on more
services (NORAD Seva-in-Action, 1992).
v Miles (1995) stated that the term Community based rehabilitation is currently
used in at least six distinguishable ways with some overlap:
Ø CBR
is therapy or special measures given by families to disable members in their
home with efforts to influence public attitudes and improve access to services.
These efforts may be supported by a volunteer or paid worker.
Ø CBR
is therapeutic, educational, vocational or social self-help projects organized
by disabled persons and their parents-with or without external technical help.
Ø CBR
is an ideology whereby a nation’s entire resources for rehabilitation are
centrally planned and allocated equitably across the population.
Ø CBR
is the provision of community programs by rehabilitation institute where
resources centers take knowledge and skills to isolated or deprived communities
(outreach).
Ø CBR
is an externally supported system in which trained and paid (CBR field workers)
undertake the mobilization, training and public education takes related to
disability.
Ø CBR
is the adaption of the term CBR by those not actively involved in
community development and by
organization or institutions wishing to appear to comfort to the latest ‘trend’
while actually continuing previous programme
strategies.
Miles
also states than an alternative approach called ‘information based
rehabilitation’ focuses on how information –broadly understood as concepts,
knowledge, skills, design and feedback
–is created, transmitted, developed monitored , applied circulated and
evaluated in these strategies (Miles, 1994).
Goals of CBR
Some of the goals
of CBR are:
v
Awareness
creation and advocacy: Increasing
awareness, particularly of governments and (employers) in the private sector
that persons with disabilities have the right, duty and ability to participate
in economic activities and to access services in microfinance, business advice
and promotion. CBM closely cooperates with Disabled Persons Organisations
(DPOs) in this effort.
v
Pre-vocational
training: Assisting
schools which enrol persons with disabilities to give due attention to
vocational skills, promoted side by side with academic education.
v
Skills
and vocational training: Supporting
training programmes to enhance marketable skills for persons with disabilities,
to improve opportunities for employment and self-employment.
v
Self-employment: Promotion of initiatives for
the establishment of micro enterprises by persons with disabilities with
business advice and provision of loans.
v
Mainstreaming: Promoting scope of persons
with disabilities to access and integrate within existing vocational training
and employment programmes that were previously not accessible due to various
barriers.
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