What is metronidazole?
Metronidazole is an antibiotic. It fights bacteria in
your body.
Metronidazole is used to treat bacterial infections
of the vagina, stomach, skin, joints, and respiratory tract. This medication
will not treat a vaginal yeast infection.
Metronidazole may also be used for purposes not
listed in this medication guide.
Mechanism
of action
Metronidazole, taken up by diffusion, is
selectively absorbed by anaerobic bacteria and sensitive protozoa. Once taken
up by anaerobes, it is non-enzymatically reduced by reacting with reduced
ferredoxin, which is generated by pyruvate oxido-reductase. Many of the reduced
nitroso intermediates will form sulfinamides and thioether linkages with
cysteine-bearing enzymes, thereby deactivating these critical enzymes. As many
as 150 separate enzymes are affected.
In addition or alternatively, the metronidazole
metabolites are taken up into bacterial DNA, and form unstable molecules. This
function only occurs when metronidazole is partially reduced, and because this
reduction usually happens only in anaerobic cells, it has relatively little
effect upon human cells or aerobic bacteria
Indications:
[A]Anaerobic bacterial infection:
1) Post surgical infection.
2) Intra-abdominal septicaemia.
3) PUD,DUD.
4) Endocarditis by B.fragilis.
5) Pelvic infection.
6) Abscess of lung & brain.
7) Osteomyelitis.
8) Diabetic gangrene.
[B]Protozoal
infection:
1) Acute amoebic dysentery.
2) Amoebic liver abscess.
3) Amoeboma.
4) Trichomoniasis.
5) Giardiasis-200mg 8 hrly for 5 days.
Adverse effects:
1) Nasuea,headache,dry mouth or a Metalic taste in the mouth occurs commonly.
2) Infrequent adverse effects include vomiting,diarrhea,insomnia,dizziness,rash,vertigo and neutorpenia.
3) Pancreatitis and severe central nervous system toxicity(ataxia,encephalopathy,seizures) are rare.
4) Intravenous infusions have rarely caused seizures or peripheral neuropathy.
(Ref:Katzung-11th,P-913)
Relative contraindication:Drug can be given with caution:
1) Acute amoebic dysentery.
2) Amoebic liver abscess.
3) Amoeboma.
4) Trichomoniasis.
5) Giardiasis-200mg 8 hrly for 5 days.
Adverse effects:
1) Nasuea,headache,dry mouth or a Metalic taste in the mouth occurs commonly.
2) Infrequent adverse effects include vomiting,diarrhea,insomnia,dizziness,rash,vertigo and neutorpenia.
3) Pancreatitis and severe central nervous system toxicity(ataxia,encephalopathy,seizures) are rare.
4) Intravenous infusions have rarely caused seizures or peripheral neuropathy.
(Ref:Katzung-11th,P-913)
Relative contraindication:Drug can be given with caution:
1) Pregnancy.
2) Lactating mother.
3) Young children.
4) Liver insufficiency.
5) History of blood dyscrasias.
2) Lactating mother.
3) Young children.
4) Liver insufficiency.
5) History of blood dyscrasias.
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